The Salem Witch Trial During The Spring Of 1692 - 1533 Words

Austin walls mrs barker salem witch trial the infomous salem witch trials began during the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in salem village massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. as a wave of hysteria spread throughout colonial massachusetts, a spread court convened in salem to hear the cases; the first convened witch birdget bishop , was hanged that some more men,women and chileren were accused over the next several months. by september 1692 the hysteria had begun to about and public opinion truned against the trials.though the massachusetts general court later annaned guity verdicts aganist witshes and granted indemnities to their families, bitterness lingered ingered in the salem witch trail would endure for centuries. The seeds of the hysteria that afflicted Salem Village, Massachusetts were sown in January 1692 when a group of young girls began to display bizarre behavior. The tight-knit community was at a loss to explain the convulsive seizures, blasphemous screaming, and trance-like states that afflicted the youngsters. The physicians called in to examine the girls could find no natural cause of the disturbing behavior. If the source of the affliction Surely the Devil had come to salem in 1692. Young girls screaming and barking like a dog? Strange dances in the woods? This was behavior hardly becoming of virtuous teenage maidens. The town doctor was called onto the scene. After a thoroughShow MoreRelatedThe Salem Witch Trials Of 16921281 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a sequence of hearings, prosecutions, and hangings of people who were thought to be involved in witchcraft in Massachusetts. These trials occurred between February 1692 and May 1693(The Salem Witch Trials, 1692. ). The Trials resulted in the execution of twenty people, in fact, most of them were women. The first of the trials began in several towns in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, such as Salem Village (currently known as Danvers), Salem Town, Ipswich, and Andover(SalemRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials Of Colonial Massachusetts1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe infamous Salem witch trials of colonial Massachusetts took place between 1692 and 1693. They involved the execution of fourteen women and five men within the brief time period. What is now the New England region had been established by a homogenous Puritan population, which emigrated from England. Abiding by a strict set of beliefs, the Puritans did not accept people of other backgrounds,therefore it might follow that the Salem Witch Trials of New England were a result of the strict Puritan societyRead MoreThe Causes of the Salem Witch Hunt Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes of the Salem Witch Hunt Many American colonists brought with them from Europe a notion in witches and an intrigue with alleged manipulation with the devil. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for witchcraft all over the colonies, chiefly in Massachusetts. Various of the accused were women, inducing some recent historians to recommend that charges of witchcraft were a way of dominating women who endangered the present economic and social orderRead MoreThe Crucible By John Proctor895 Words   |  4 Pagesboth the Salem Witch Trials and The Crucible, was tried and executed for witchcraft in 1692. When the witchcraft hysteria first began in Salem village in the winter of 1692, Proctor became an outspoken opponent of the trials and stated to many that the afflicted girls, who had been accusing many of the villagers of witchcraft, were frauds and liars (Brooks). There were many parallels between John Proctor and his character in The Crucible, including his vocal opposition towards the trials and hisRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe notorious witch trials in Salem began in Spring of 1692. This started after a young group of girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, professed they were possessed by the devil. These young girls even went as far as accusing some local women of practicing witchcraft. As a frenzy spreaded throughout colonial Massachuse tts, a specific court was summoned to hear cases. Bridget Bishop was the first convicted witch and she was hung in that June following her trial. Eighteen other people followed BishopRead MoreTruth and Reality597 Words   |  3 Pageshistorical period in which it exists.   An example that came to mind is the Salem witch trials. The witch hunt occurred in Massachusetts between the years 1692 and 1693. During this time people believed that the Devil could give give others special powers. The Salem which trials came about shortly after thousands of accused witches in Europe were executed in their own witch hunt. Throughout the entire Salem witch trials over 200 people (mostly women) were accused of being witches influenced byRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : Witchcraft And Magic Were Two Ideas1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials transpired from 1692 to 1693 resulting with many imprisonments; yet, only twenty deaths. The witch frenzy materialized from the allegation s of a group of young girls claiming to be possessed by supernatural forces. Yet, the people accused of being witches in Salem, Massachusetts did not practice witchcraft. The Puritans were falsely accused of sorcery which can be proven through many theories and the false credibility of legal evidence. The lifestyle of the Puritans mayRead MoreEssay on Salem Witch Trials1396 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought with them from Europe a belief in witches and the devil. During the seventeenth century, people were executed for being witches and follower of Satan. Most of these executions were performed in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Mostly all of the accused were women, which makes some modern historians believe that the charges of witchcraft were a way of controlling the women who threatened the power of the men. During the witchcraft trials, hundreds of arrests were made, and some were even put to deathRead MoreCauses Of The Salem Witch Trials994 Words   |  4 Pagespossible. The Salem Witch Trials are an example of such conflict, as they resulted in many people being falsely accused for crimes, arrested, and killed. But what provoked this mass hysteria? Scholars have attempted to answer this question, but the most common idea is that it was due to a variety of economic, social, and ph ysiological problems within the Salem village. In order to understand the cause of the Salem Witch Trials, some background must be given about the event. In the spring of 1692, madnessRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : The Causes Of The Deadly Accusations912 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 1 11 April 2015 The Salem Witch Trials: The Causes of the Deadly Accusations In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, he writes, â€Å"We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!† (Miller 77). This partially fictionalized tale of the Salem Witch Trials points to one of the causes of the trials, vengeance, but the over dramatized tale s early stages were quiet. The Salem Witch Episode had humble beginnings

The Host Chapter 52 Separated Free Essays

string(22) " a reaction from her\." We brought our plunder in through the south vent, though this meant that the jeep would have to be moved before dawn. My main concern with using the bigger entrance was that the Seeker would hear the commotion our arrival was sure to cause. I wasn’t sure if she had any idea of what I was going to do, and I didn’t want to give her any reason to kill her host and herself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Host Chapter 52: Separated or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story Jeb had told me about one of their captives-the man who had simply collapsed, leaving no external evidence on the outside of the havoc wreaked inside his skull-haunted my thoughts. The hospital was not empty. As I squeezed myself through the last tight bubble of space out into the main room, I found Doc preparing for the operation. His desk was laid out; on it, a propane lantern-the brightest illumination we had available-waited to be lit. The scalpels glinted in the duller blue light of the solar lamp. I had known that Doc would agree to my terms, but seeing him thus occupied sent a wave of nervous nausea through me. Or maybe it was just the memory of that other day that sickened me, the day I’d caught him with blood on his hands. â€Å"You’re back,† he said with relief. I realized that he’d been worried about us, just as everyone worried when someone left the safety of the caves. â€Å"We brought you a gift,† Jared said as he pushed himself free behind me. He straightened up and reached back for a box. With a flourish, he held it up, displaying the label on the side. â€Å"Heal!† Doc crowed. â€Å"How much did you get?† â€Å"Two cases. And we’ve found a much better way to renew our stores than to have Wanda stabbing herself.† Doc did not laugh at Jared’s joke. Instead he turned to stare at me piercingly. We both must have been thinking the same thing: Convenient, since Wanda won’t be around. â€Å"Did you get the cryotanks?† he asked, more subdued. Jared noticed the look and the tension. He glanced at me, his expression impossible to read. â€Å"Yes,† I answered. â€Å"Ten of them. It was all the car could hold.† While I spoke, Jared yanked on the rope behind him. With a clatter of loose rock, the second box of Heal, followed by the tanks, tumbled onto the floor behind him. The tanks clanked like metal, though they were built of no element that existed on this planet. I’d told him it was fine to treat the empty cryotanks roughly; they were built to withstand much worse abuse than being tugged through a stone channel. They glinted on the floor now, looking shiny and pristine. Doc picked one up, freeing it from the rope, and turned it around in his hands. â€Å"Ten?† The number seemed to surprise him. Did he think it too many? Or not enough? â€Å"Are they difficult to use?† â€Å"No. Extremely easy. I’ll show you how.† Doc nodded, his eyes examining the alien construction. I could feel Jared watching me, but I kept my eyes on Doc. â€Å"What did Jeb, Brandt, and Aaron say?† I asked. Doc looked up, locked his eyes on mine. â€Å"They’re†¦ in agreement with your terms.† I nodded, not convinced. â€Å"I won’t show you unless I believe that.† â€Å"That’s fair.† Jared glared at us, confused and frustrated. â€Å"What did you tell him?† Doc asked me, being cautious. â€Å"Just that I was going to save the Seeker.† I turned to look in Jared’s general direction without meeting his gaze. â€Å"Doc has promised me that if I show him how to perform the separation, you will give the released souls safe conduct to another life on another planet. No killing.† Jared nodded thoughtfully, his eyes flickering back to Doc. â€Å"I can agree to those terms. And I can make sure the others follow through. I assume you have a plan to get them off-planet?† â€Å"It will be no more dangerous than what we did tonight. Just the opposite-adding to the stack rather than taking from it.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"Did you†¦ have a time schedule in mind?† Doc asked. He tried to sound nonchalant, but I could hear the eagerness behind his voice. He just wanted the answer that had eluded him for so long, I tried to tell myself. It wasn’t that he was in a hurry to kill me. â€Å"I have to take the jeep back-can you wait? I’d like to watch this.† â€Å"Sure, Jared,† Doc agreed. â€Å"Won’t take me long,† Jared promised as he shoved himself back into the vent. That I was sure of. It wouldn’t take enough time at all. Doc and I did not speak until the sound of Jared’s scrambling exit had faded. â€Å"You didn’t talk about†¦ Melanie?† he asked softly. I shook my head. â€Å"I think he sees where this is going. He must guess my plan.† â€Å"But not all of it. He won’t allow -â€Å" â€Å"He won’t get a say,† I interrupted severely. â€Å"All or nothing, Doc.† Doc sighed. After a moment of silence, he stretched and glanced toward the main exit. â€Å"I’m going to go talk to Jeb, get things ready.† He reached for a bottle on the table. The chloroform. I was sure the souls had something better to use. I would have to try to find it for Doc, before I was gone. â€Å"Who knows about this?† â€Å"Still just Jeb, Aaron, and Brandt. They all want to watch.† This didn’t surprise me; Aaron and Brandt would be suspicious. â€Å"Don’t tell anyone else. Not tonight.† Doc nodded, then he disappeared into the black corridor. I went to sit against the wall, as far from the prepared cot as I could get. I’d have my turn on top of it all too soon. Trying to think of something besides that grim fact, I realized that I hadn’t heard from Melanie since†¦ When was the last time she’d spoken to me? When I’d made the deal with Doc? I was belatedly surprised that the sleeping arrangements by the jeep today had not elicited a reaction from her. You read "The Host Chapter 52: Separated" in category "Essay examples" Mel? No answer. It wasn’t like before, so I didn’t panic. I could definitely feel her there in my head, but she was†¦ ignoring me? What was she doing? Mel? What’s going on? No answer. Are you mad at me? I’m sorry about before, by the jeep. I didn’t do anything, you know, so it’s not really fair – She interrupted me, exasperated. Oh, stop. I’m not mad at you. Leave me alone. Why won’t you talk to me? No answer. I pushed a little harder, hoping to pick up the direction of her thoughts. She tried to keep me out, to put the wall in place, but it was too weak from disuse. I saw her plan. I tried to keep my mental tone even. Have you lost your mind? In a manner of speaking, she teased halfheartedly. You think that if you can make yourself disappear, that will stop me? What else can I do to stop you? If you’ve got a better idea, please share. I don’t get it, Melanie. Don’t you want them back? Don’t you want to be with Jared again? With Jamie? She writhed, fighting the obviousness of the answer. Yes, but†¦ I can’t†¦ She took a moment to steady herself. I find myself unable to be the death of you, Wanda. I can’t stand it. I saw the depth of her pain, and tears formed in my eyes. Love you too, Mel. But there’s not room for the both of us here. In this body, in this cave, in their lives†¦ I disagree. Look, just stop trying to annihilate yourself, okay? Because if I think you can do it, I’ll make Doc pull me out today. Or I’ll tell Jared. Just imagine what he would do. I imagined it for her, smiling a little through my tears. Remember? He said no guarantees about what he would or wouldn’t do to keep you here. I thought of those burning kisses in the hall†¦ thought of other kisses and other nights in her memory. My face warmed as I blushed. You fight dirty. You bet I do. I’m not giving up. You’ve been warned. No more silent treatment. We thought of other things then, things that didn’t hurt. Like where we would send the Seeker. Mel was all for the Mists Planet after my story tonight, but I thought the Planet of the Flowers would be more fitting. There wasn’t a mellower planet in the universe. The Seeker needed a nice long lifetime eating sunshine. We thought of my memories, the pretty ones. The ice castles and the night music and the colored suns. They were like fairytales to her. And she told me fairytales, too. Glass slippers, poisoned apples, mermaids who wanted to have souls†¦ Of course, we didn’t have time to tell many stories. They all returned together. Jared had come back through the main entrance. It had taken so very little time-perhaps he’d just driven the jeep around to the north side and hidden it under the overhang there. In a hurry. I heard their voices coming, subdued, serious, low, and knew from their tone that the Seeker was with them. Knew that the time had come for the first stage of my death. No. Pay attention. You’re going to have to help them do this when I’m – No! But she wasn’t protesting my instruction, just the conclusion of my thought. Jared was the one who carried the Seeker into the room. He came first, the others behind. Aaron and Brandt both had the guns ready-in case she was only feigning unconsciousness, perhaps, and about to jump up and attack them with her tiny hands. Jeb and Doc came last, and I knew Jeb’s canny eyes would be on my face. How much had he figured out already with his crazy, insightful shrewdness? I kept myself focused on the task at hand. Jared laid the Seeker’s inert form on the cot with exceptional gentleness. This might have bothered me before, but now it touched me. I understood that he did this for me, wishing that he could have treated me this way in the beginning. â€Å"Doc, where’s the No Pain?† â€Å"I’ll get it for you,† he murmured. I stared at the Seeker’s face while I waited, wondering what it would look like when her host was free. Would anything be left? Would the host be empty or would the rightful owner reassert herself? Would the face be less repugnant to me when another awareness looked out of those eyes? â€Å"Here you go.† Doc put the canister in my hand. â€Å"Thanks.† I pulled out one thin tissue square and handed the container back to him. I found myself reluctant to touch the Seeker, but I made my hands move swiftly and purposefully as I pulled her chin down and put the No Pain on her tongue. Her face was very small-it made my hands feel big. Her tiny size always threw me off. It seemed so inappropriate. I closed her mouth again. It was moist-the medicine would dissolve quickly. â€Å"Jared, could you please roll her onto her stomach?† I asked. He did as I asked-again, gently. Just then, the propane lantern flared to life. The cave was suddenly bright, almost like daylight. I glanced up instinctively and saw that Doc had covered the big holes in the roof with tarps to keep our light from escaping. He’d done a lot of preparation in our absence. It was very quiet. I could hear the Seeker breathing evenly in and out. I could hear the faster, tenser breathing of the men in the room with me. Someone shifted from one foot to the other, and sand ground against rock under his heel. Their stares had a physical weight on my skin. I swallowed, hoping I could keep my voice normal. â€Å"Doc, I need Heal, Clean, Seal, and Smooth.† â€Å"Right here.† I brushed the Seeker’s coarse black hair out of the way, exposing the little pink line at the base of her skull. I stared at her olive tan skin and hesitated. â€Å"Would you cut, Doc? I don’t†¦ I don’t want to.† â€Å"No problem, Wanda.† I saw only his hands as he came to stand across from me. He set a little row of white cylinders on the cot next to the Seeker’s shoulder. The scalpel winked in the bright light, flashing across my face. â€Å"Hold her hair out of the way.† I used both hands to clear her neck. â€Å"Wish I could scrub up,† Doc muttered to himself, obviously feeling underprepared. â€Å"It’s not really necessary. We have Clean.† â€Å"I know.† He sighed. What he really wanted was the routine, the mental cleansing that the old habits had given him. â€Å"How much room do you need?† he asked, hesitating with the point of the blade an inch from her skin. I could feel the heat of the other bodies behind me, squeezing in to get a better view. They were careful not to touch either of us. â€Å"Just the length of the scar. That will be enough.† This didn’t seem like enough to him. â€Å"You sure?† â€Å"Yes. Oh, wait!† Doc pulled back. I realized I was doing this all backward. I was no Healer. I wasn’t cut out for this. My hands were shaking. I couldn’t seem to look away from the Seeker’s body. â€Å"Jared, could you get one of those tanks for me?† â€Å"Of course.† I heard him walk the few steps away, heard the dull, metallic clunk of the tank he chose knocking against the others. â€Å"What now?† â€Å"There’s a circle on top of the lid. Press it in.† I heard the low hum of the cryotank as it powered on. The men muttered and shuffled their feet, moving away from it. â€Å"Okay, on the side there should be a switch†¦ more like a dial, actually. Can you see it?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Spin it all the way down.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"What color is the light on top of the tank?† â€Å"It’s†¦ it’s just turning from purple to†¦ bright blue. Light blue now.† I took a deep breath. At least the tanks were functional. â€Å"Great. Pop the lid and wait for me.† â€Å"How?† â€Å"Latch under the lip.† â€Å"Got it.† I heard the click of the latch, and then the whir of the mechanism. â€Å"It’s cold!† â€Å"That’s sort of the point.† â€Å"How does it work? What’s the power source?† I sighed. â€Å"I knew the answers when I was a Spider. I don’t understand it now. Doc, you can go ahead. I’m ready.† â€Å"Here we go,† Doc whispered as he slid the blade of the scalpel deftly, almost gracefully, through the skin. Blood coursed down the side of her neck, pooling on the towel Doc had placed underneath. â€Å"A tiny bit deeper. Just under the edge -â€Å" â€Å"Yes, I see.† Doc was breathing fast, excited. Silver glinted out from the red. â€Å"That’s good. Now you hold the hair.† Doc switched places with me in a smooth, swift movement. He was good at his Calling. He would have made quite a Healer. I didn’t try to hide what I was doing from him. The movements were too minute for him to have any chance of seeing. He would not be able to do this until I explained. I slid one fingertip carefully along the back ridge of the tiny silver creature until my finger was almost entirely inserted into the hot opening at the base of the host body’s neck. I traced my way to the anterior antennae, feeling the taut lines of the bound attachments stretched tight like harp strings into the deeper recesses of her head. I twisted my finger around the underside of the soul’s body, caressing down from the first segment along the other line of attachments, as stiff and profuse as the bristles of a brush. I felt carefully at the juncture of these tight strings, at the tiny joints, no bigger than pinheads. I stroked my way about a third of the way down. I could have counted, but that would have taken a very long time. It would be the two hundred seventeenth connection, but there was another way to find it. There it was, the little ridge that made this joint just a bit bigger-a seed pearl rather than a pinhead. It was smooth under my fingertip. I pressed against it with gentle pressure, tenderly massaging. Kindness was always the way of the souls. Never violence. â€Å"Relax,† I breathed. And, though the soul could not hear me, it obeyed. The harp strings loosened, went slack. I could feel the slither as they retracted, feel the slight swelling of the body as it absorbed them. The process took no more than a few beats of my heart. I held my breath until I felt the soul undulate under my touch. Wriggling free. I let it twist itself a little farther out, and then I curled my fingers gently around the tiny, fragile body. I lifted it, silver and gleaming, wet with blood that was quickly shed from the smooth casing, and cradled it in my hand. It was beautiful. The soul whose name I’d never known billowed like a silver wave in my hand†¦ a lovely feathered ribbon. I couldn’t hate the Seeker in this form. An almost maternal love swept through me. â€Å"Sleep well, little one,† I whispered. I turned toward the faint hum of the cryotank, just to my left. Jared held it low and angled, so it was a simple matter for me to ease the soul into the shockingly cold air that gusted from the opening. I let it slide into the small space and then carefully relatched the lid. I took the cryotank from Jared, easing it rather than tugging it, turning it with care until it was vertical, and then I hugged it to my chest. The outside of the tank was the same temperature as the warm room. I cradled it to my body, protective as any mother. I looked back at the stranger on the table. Doc was already dust-ing Smooth over the sealed wound. We made a good team: one attending to the soul, the other to the body. Everyone was taken care of. Doc looked up at me, his eyes full of exhilaration and wonder. â€Å"Amazing,† he murmured. â€Å"That was incredible.† â€Å"Good job,† I whispered back. â€Å"When do you think she’ll wake up?† Doc asked. â€Å"That depends on how much chloroform she inhaled.† â€Å"Not much.† â€Å"And if she’s still there. We’ll have to wait and see.† Before I could ask, Jared lifted the nameless woman tenderly from the cot, rolled her face-up, and laid her on another, cleaner resting place. This tenderness did not move me. This tenderness was for the human, for Melanie†¦ Doc went with him, checking her pulse, peeking under her lids. He shone a flashlight into her unconscious eyes and watched the pupils constrict. No light reflected back to blind him. He and Jared exchanged a long glance. â€Å"She really did it,† Jared said, his voice low. â€Å"Yes,† Doc agreed. I didn’t hear Jeb sidle up next to me. â€Å"Pretty slick, kid,† he murmured. I shrugged. â€Å"Feeling a smidge conflicted?† I didn’t answer. â€Å"Yeah. Me, too, hon. Me, too.† Aaron and Brandt were talking behind me, their voices rising with excitement, answering each other’s thoughts before the questions were spoken. No conflict there. â€Å"Wait till the others hear!† â€Å"Think of the -â€Å" â€Å"We should go get some -â€Å" â€Å"Right now, I’m ready -â€Å" â€Å"Hold up,† Jeb cut Brandt off. â€Å"No soul snatching until that cryotank is safely on its way into outer space. Right, Wanda?† â€Å"Right,† I agreed in a firmer voice, hugging the tank tighter to my chest. Brandt and Aaron exchanged sour glances. I was going to need more allies. Jared and Jeb and Doc were only three, though certainly the most influential three here. Still, they would need support. I knew what this meant. It meant talking to Ian. Others, too, of course, but Ian would have to be one of them. My heart seemed to slump lower in my chest, to curl limply in on itself. I’d done many things I had not wanted to do since joining the humans, but I couldn’t remember any this sharply and pointedly painful. Even deciding to trade my life for the Seeker’s-that was a huge, vast hurt, a wide field of ache, but it was almost manageable because it was so tied up in the bigger picture. Telling Ian goodbye was a razor-sharp piercing; it made the greater vision hard to see. I wished there was some way, any way, to save him from the same pain. There wasn’t. The only thing worse would be telling Jared goodbye. That one would burn and fester. Because he wouldn’t feel pain. His joy would far outweigh any small regret he might feel over me. As for Jamie, well, I wasn’t planning on facing that goodbye at all. â€Å"Wanda!† Doc’s voice was sharp. I hurried to the bed Doc was hovering over. Before I got there, I could see the tiny olive hand fisting and unfisting where it hung over the edge of the cot. â€Å"Ah,† the Seeker’s familiar voice moaned from the human body. â€Å"Ah.† The room went utterly silent. Everyone looked at me, as if I were the expert on humans. I elbowed Doc, my hands still wrapped around the tank. â€Å"Talk to her,† I whispered. â€Å"Um†¦ Hello? Can you hear me†¦ miss? You’re safe now. Do you understand me?† â€Å"Ah,† she groaned. Her eyes fluttered open, focused quickly on Doc’s face. There was no discomfort in her expression-the No Pain would be making her feel wonderful, of course. Her eyes were onyx black. They darted around the room until she found me, and recognition was quickly followed by a scowl. She looked away, back to Doc. â€Å"Well, it feels good to have my head back,† she said in a loud, clear voice. â€Å"Thanks.† How to cite The Host Chapter 52: Separated, Essay examples

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Service (Qld) Ltd

Question: Write an essay on the "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Service (Qld) Ltd". Answer: Introduction The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Service (Qld) is a non-profit organization that works for the indigenous population of Australia. The primitive ability of the organization is to provide legal services in the field of criminal, civil and family law to the Indigenous population of Queensland[1]. The ATSILS was formed with the intention of giving assistance to all Indigenous people so that they can have a clear understanding of the judicial systems that can help them in coping with the problems they have because of lack of education or other physical problems. The ATSILS also had the insight to ensure that their clients should be followed up regularly with their legal advice and also be represented in front of the police or the judicial systems without making any compromise of the culture from which they belong. Over the last financial years, ATSILS has provided various services for extending legal advice, solving indigenous test cases, bringing reform and policy develop ment, providing community legal education and also giving care and support services to prisoners who are in custody. In this essay, these services of ATSILS shall be discussed. Legal Assistance Provided by ATSILS The ATSILS makes sure that at the national level, the rights of the Aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islander people does not get hampered and that they work within the justice system to ensure equal delivery of rights and equitable access to justice for all people. Over the last year, several clients have been helped by the ATSILS and they have also worked in collaboration with other agencies like NAQ to make sure that high quality and culturally competent legal services. Those are delivered to all the people in the easiest way possible[2]. The work of ATSILS is underpinned with the ideals of Integrity, Human Rights, Collaboration, Leadership, and Diversity and Cultural grandeur. With expertise of members, the ATSILS has succeeded in becoming an expert in voicing their opinion on the rights of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and also ensuring delivery of justice to them[3]. It has given expert advice and commentary on the issues of human rights, social inclusion, an d evidence-based criminal justice policy, access to justice, and systematic discrimination against the people living comprising of the Indigenous population of Australia. ATSILS is known to provide 24-hour legal representation to the people who require the same on matters of civil criminal and family law. Over the last year this involves: Advice Matters- This includes giving advice to the people on those matters that are not a part of any ongoing Duty or Casework. In this service, there is the availability of making free calls over the telephone and providing advice before taking any service or assisting in referrals. It is helping the clients in giving them preliminary assistance so that they can find ease in writing short letters or complete certain form filling procedures[4]. Duty Matters- This includes giving attendance in the courts and also receiving the initial instructions that are given by a lawyer in any particular case. In this service, there are all legal inclusions like mentioning clients, providing pleas, making applications for granting bail or performing the adjournments. That are supposed to be done on a duty lawyer basis or to ensure closure of matters in speedy trials on the same day and so on[5]. Casework Matters- This includes providing ongoing services to a particular legal problem that is in question. A defended hearing is one of the examples. It is not an imperative requirement that the matter should include litigation to it[6]. However, worth noting is the fact that the casework matters also include all those instances where there is a detailed provision of providing legal advice or negotiating a claim against any client. ATSILS makes sure that they remain available 24 hours so that any minor problem to any of the clients can be attended to by them at the earliest. It works more like a community development plan[7]. Indigenous Test Cases of ATSILS The Means Test is applied by ATSILS to find out the people who are eligible to take services rendered by them. Since the resources are limited in front of the service providers, it is necessary to make sure that the most vulnerable ones get access to these services. The applications received by them are firstly put through a means and merit test and depending on the results of these tests. The applications are divided into three categories[8]. They are categorized either as those applicants who are eligible to get free legal assistance or they are pit into the category where they are given the opportunity of getting legal assistance subject to payment of certain fees, or they are categorized into applicants who are not eligible to get any services from them. The means test is satisfied by an applicant as and when he satisfies three conditions after putting up an application[9]. The applicant needs to be under the age of 18 years firstly. Secondly, it is necessary that the main source of income of the applicant should come from either the CDEP participant wage or from Centrelink Benefits. Thirdly, the gross personal income of the applicant should be less than $46,000 per year that roughly sums up to less than $885 in one week. Law Reform and Policy Development ATSILS encourages gainful group and partner connections and organizations to convey lawful quality help, exhortation and representation, and backer law change and approach advancement to correct lawful strategies and practices. That effect antagonistically and lopsidedly on the lawful privileges of the residents who are either from the Aboriginal communities or the Torres Strait Islander people[10]. The commitment of ATSILS is underpinned by the traditional values of care, share and respect and the founding stone is laid by the values of the organization for which it was established. The people in ATSILS care for the human rights and the legal rights of the people and also make sure that every individual remains safe, and there is the psychological well-being of the clients. These are given primary importance by the people and the workers in ATSILS, and the clients give importance to the fact that care should be rendered for the families and the communities at large while sharing a common motto of understanding the challenges of the clients and attending to their needs along with diligently striving them. It is taking them towards getting the highest quality of services[11]. Respect is given to the cultural diversity and values of each class of people is respected by them so that the clients can have the faith that the services given to them are kept confidential, are innovative in their identity, have professional excellence in them and also are culturally competent to their requirements. A key center upon Prevention and Early Intervention exercises (those went for occupying Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people groups far from the criminal equity framework). To that end, Justice Reinvestment activities are a need. Supporting the proceeded with change and availability and value of lawful administrations to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals is centered around unsurpassed[12]. Law change activities that are both proactive and examine existing strategies and practices, especially in connection to detainment, policing, family viciousness and the necessities of youth that effect antagonistically and excessively on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people groups. Connecting with key partners to impact positive change and convey imaginative, proficient and socially skilled legitimate administrations is an essential for them. Community Legal Education The community legal education services of the ATSILS includes the provisions available for providing information and educational programs so that clients can be informed and also advances with the protection of the rights of the Aboriginal and Torres Islanders. The consultations are also used for identification and development of the localized communities in ensuring legal education programs[13]. For instance, the Australian Consumer Protection launched a program in July 2015 that was called Avoid a funeral rip-off. The crusade expects to advise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander purchasers about the diverse memorial service items that are accessible and to anticipate them agreeing to burial service arranges. Those are costly, complex and not appropriate for their necessities[14]. This was a wonderful initiative that was taken by the legislature but the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders seldom understood the implications of this initiative. Hence, the ATSILS made sure that all the aspects of the program are explained to them in detail along with making them understand the positive points that could be gained by them by way of this initiative. Prisoner Throughcare Services The goal of this Prisoner Throughcare Service of ATSILS is to extend support to all the prisoners and the youth detainees not only during their pre-release but also after their release. So that their behavioral patterns can be addressed and hence there can be a reduction on the prospects that they would do any such thing for which they might end up returning to the prison. The idea is to assist the clients as well as the communities to develop. The focus is on those clients who are very vulnerable, and there is a high risk that they might return to offending once they are released. Hence, the workers work collaboratively for providing mental correction and also give the scope of reform to these individuals. The inmates are talked to, and their plans are discussed. Once they are released, assistance is given to them to improvise their social life and also help them in returning to the mainstream society[15]. The ATSILSs Prisoner Throughcare services plan to diminish recidivism and imprisonment rates by supporting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander detainees (both pre and post discharge) and their families through the conveyance of escalated, top notch case administration ("throughcare") administrations[16]. The center will be after helping a discrete number of focused detainees who are thought to be of a high danger of re-culpable working cooperatively where fitting (and conceivable) with Correctional Facility staff and different partners. Conclusion The ATSILS is working for improvising the living standards of the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders. The motto of ATSILS is to make sure that all the vulnerable classes of people in Queensland have access to their rights and are duly represented in front of the law. The Society has been working in this regard ever since it was established and has seen success in its endeavors to a great extent. References Anderson, Elayne, Jeanne Ellard, and Jack Wallace. "Torres Strait Islanders".Australian Journal of Primary Health(2015). "ATSILS | Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Legal Service".ATSILS. Last modified 2016. Accessed June 17, 2016. Barendrecht, Maurits. "Legal Aid, Accessible Courts Or Legal Information? Three Access To Justice Strategies Compared".Global Jurist11, no. 1 (2011). Beckett, Jeremy.Torres Strait Islanders. 13th ed. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Biggs, A. K.Legal Aid. Croydon: Tolley, 2010. Brahams, D. "Cutting Legal Aid Down To Size".Medico-Legal Journal78, no. 4 (2010): 113-114. Brown, Alex and Garry L.R. Jennings. "Response To Letter To The Editor: Essential Service Standards For Equitable National Cardiovascular Care For Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People".Heart, Lung and Circulation24, no. 6 (2015): 627. Darin, C. "Book Review: Legal Aid Lawyers And The Quest For Justice".Social Legal Studies24, no. 3 (2015): 472-476. Davis, Timothy M.E., Wendy A. Davis, and Daniel McAullay. "Re: Essential Service Standards For Equitable National Cardiovascular Care For Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People".Heart, Lung and Circulation24, no. 6 (2015): 626. Jriloo, Kristel. "Free Legal Aid A Human Right".Nordic Journal of Human Rights33, no. 3 (2015): 203-219. Lee, L. "The Future Of Criminal Legal Aid".Medico-Legal Journal81, no. 4 (2013): 152-152. Sharp, Nonie.Stars Of Tagai. 18th ed. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2011. Walter, Maggie. "Social Exclusion/Inclusion For Urban Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People".SI4, no. 1 (2016): 68. Watkin Lui, Felecia. "My Island Home: Re-Presenting Identities For Torres Strait Islanders Living Outside The Torres Strait".Journal of Australian Studies36, no. 2 (2012): 141-153.

Tale Of Two Cities Characters Essays - English-language Films, Film

Tale Of Two Cities Characters A Tale of Two Cities, have a few similarities and a few differences. One for example is the striking resemblance of the two gentlemen. In Book II chapter 4, Charles is on trial for treason, but is aquitted partly because of his likeness of Sydney. Another similarity is the great admiration of Lucie Manette. Charles, in Book II chapter 10, makes his intentions known by concenting with her father about the subject. Sydney, in Book II chapter 13, on the other hand, tries an approach much ahead of his time, and speaks with her alone, before talking with her father. This display could be labeled as a difference, because of the different procedures used. Another way that Sydney is different from Charles is the intensity with which he tries to win Lucie's heart. Sydney, even after realizing what her intentions are, is still willing to make the ultimate sacrifice for her, his own life. Charles, in this book, expresses himself so emotionally, except in time of personal crisis. As we find out later, Sydney does make the ultimate sacrifice, giving his own life to save what meant the most to Lucie, the life of Charles (Book III chapter 15).

Zero Based Budgets Essay Example

Zero Based Budgets Essay Example Zero Based Budgets Essay Zero Based Budgets Essay Zero-based budgeting starts from a zero base and every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs. Budgets are then built around what is needed for the upcoming period, regardless of whether the budget is higher or lower than the previous one. Because of its detail-oriented nature, zero-based budgeting may be a rolling process done over several years, with only a few functional areas reviewed at a time by managers or group leadership. Zero-based budgeting can lower costs by avoiding blanket increases or decreases to a prior periods budget. It is, however, a time-consuming process that takes much longer than traditional, cost-based budgeting. The practice also favors areas that achieve direct revenues or production; their contributions are more easily justified than in departments such as client service and research and development. The name zero base budgeting derives from the idea that such budgets are developed from a zero base: that is, at the beginning of the budget development process, all budget headings have a value of ZERO. This is in sharp contrast to the incremental budgeting system in which in general a new budget tends to start with a balance at least equal to last years total balance, or an estimate of it. What zero base budgeting tries to achieve is an optimal allocation of resources that incremental and other budgeting systems probably cannot achieve. ZBB starts by asking managers to identify and justify their area(s) of work in terms of decision packages (qv). Zero-based budgeting is an approach to planning and decision-making which reverses the working process of traditional budgeting. In traditional incremental budgeting, departmental managers justify only variances versus past years, based on the assumption that the baseline is automatically approved. By contrast, in zero-based budgeting, every line item of the budget must be approved, rather than only changes. [1] During the review process, no reference is made to the previous level of expenditure. Zero-based budgeting requires the budget request be re-evaluated thoroughly, starting from the zero-base. This process is independent on whether the total budget or specific line items are increasing or decreasing. Advantages 1. Efficient allocation of resources, as it is based on needs and benefits rather than history. 2. Drives managers to find cost effective ways to improve operations. 3. Detects inflated budgets. 4. Increases staff motivation by providing greater initiative and responsibility in decision-making. 5. Increases communication and coordination within the organization. 6. Identifies and eliminates wasteful and obsolete operations. 7. Identifies opportunities for outsourcing. 8. Forces cost centers to identify their mission and their relationship to overall goals. . It helps in identifying areas of wasteful expenditure and, if desired, it can also be used for suggesting alternative courses of action. One drawback to zero-based budgeting is cost in terms of managerial time; it takes a considerable amount of time to go through the process of reviewing operations in enough detail to justify costs each budget cycle without relying on past expenditures. One solution to this problem is to create a rolling budget every year and perform a zero-based budget every three to five years, or when a major change occurs within the operation. This allows an organization to benefit from the advantages of zero-based budgeting without an excessive amount of work. Likewise, traditional rolling budgets should never strictly rely on a prior-year budget plus a percentage; consideration should always be given to past numbers. In some cases, a zero-based budget may rely on some prior numbers where it is overwhelming to create a budget from scratch. Ultimately, the process gives top management the opportunity to judge the performance of managers in terms of allocating resources efficiently and effectively, and gives managers more responsibility in developing their budgets. An organization should not feel that all budgets must be developed in entirely the same manner. Some departments can utilize an in-depth study of a zero-based budget while others can use a rolling budget. This is a way to spread the extensive work over a number of years instead of concentrating on one certain year. Many organizations have implemented the system in some form or another and found that it did not work. If properly implemented, however, the process could have a considerable improvement over traditional rolling budgets. The number and nature of decision packages varies from organization to organization; it is not uncommon for large organizations to identify several thousand packages. Furthermore, it is often hard or even impossible for top executives to have the necessary knowledge or time to develop and rank priorities for thousands of packages. To alleviate this problem, managers, after ranking their own packages, can have their top executives rank the packages of all the managers that report to them. This approach is used by one of zero-based budgetings pioneers, Texas Instruments. Another solution is for each level of management to rank a certain percentage of packages within its own area of responsibility. In this solution, the first level of management may rank 40 percent of the proposed packages; the next level may rank the next 40 percent of packages, while top management may concentrate on the remainder of the budget Read more: Zero-Based Budgeting strategy, organization, levels, system, style, examples, advantages, manager, company referenceforbusiness. com/management/Tr-Z/Zero-Based-Budgeting. html#ixzz1TgZFF400 [edit] Disadvantages . More time-consuming than incremental budgeting. 2. Justifying every line item can be problematic for departments with intangible outputs. 3. Requires specific training, due to increased complexity vs. incremental budgeting. 4. In a large organization, the amount of information backing up the budgeting process may be overwhelming. The zero-based budgeting system puts the burden of proof on the manager, and demands that ea ch manager justify the entire budget in detail and prove why he or she should spend the organizations money in the manner proposed. A decision package must be developed by each manager for every project or activity, which includes an analysis of cost, purpose, alternative courses of action, measures of performance, consequences of not performing the activity, and the benefits. This approach is different than traditional budgeting techniques due to the analysis of alternatives. Managers must identify alternative methods of performing each activity first, such as evaluating the costs and benefits of making a project or outsourcing it, or centralizing versus decentralizing operations. In addition, managers must identify different levels for performing each alternative method of the proposed activity. This means establishing a minimum level of spending, often 75 percent of the current operating level, and then developing separate decision packages that include the costs and benefits of additional levels of spending for that particular activity. The different levels allow managers to consider and evaluate a level of spending lower than the current operating level, giving decision-makers the choice of liminating an activity or the ability to choose from a selection of levels of effort including tradeoffs and shifts in expenditure levels among organizational units. The decision packages must be ranked in order of importance once they have been created. This allows each manager to identify priorities, combine decision packages for old and new projects into one ranking, and allows top management to evaluate and compare the needs of individual units or divisions to make funding allocations. In this respect, zero-based budgeting is quite different than traditional rolling budgets. Rolling budgets often appeal to people who prepare budgets because they make budget development much easier. Managers can add an inflation factor to the previous years budget and then include any adjustments for major changes. Rolling budgets also give management a concrete number to help make comparisons from year to year. However, traditional rolling budgets have a tendency to create conflict; they can create an incentive to spend money carelessly in order to justify the next years budget. They can also create inefficient operations due to the fact that individual departments or units do not have to justify expenditures based on operations, but only on the prior years expenditures. Zero-based budgeting addresses such problems that can occur with traditional rolling budgets. In zero-based budgeting, each dollar spent by management must be justified with a detailed account of what will be purchased, how many labor hours are needed, what problems will be faced, and so forth. This allows management an opportunity to review operations in depth and make recommendations for changes to if necessary. The zero-based budgeting process helps managers identify redundancies and duplications among different departments, concentrating on the dollars needed for proposed programs as opposed to percentage increases or decreases form the previous year. Specific priorities of departments and divisions are identified more easily in zero-based budgeting. The process also allows for the comparability of different departments as to the respective priorities funded. Zero-base budgeting enables a performance audit to determine whether each project or activity has been performed as efficiently as planned. Zero-based budgeting may require an extensive amount of time, money, and paper work; but it does provide a systematic method of addressing an organizations financial concerns, in turn enabling an organization to better allocate its resources. A combination of zero-based budgets with rolling budgets or some other form of budgeting that spreads the work of justifying new budgets each cycle is one way to incorporate zero-based budgeting without undo stress at the same time for all managers with budgetary responsibility. www. eferenceforbusiness. com/ /Zero-Based-Budgeting. html http The zero-based budgeting system puts the burden of proof on the manager, and demands that each manager justify the entire budget in detail and prove why he or she should spend the organizations money in the manner proposed. A decision package must be developed by each manager for every project or activity, which includes an analysis of cost, purpose, alternative courses of action, measures of performance, co nsequences of not performing the activity, and the benefits. This approach is different than traditional budgeting techniques due to the analysis of alternatives. Managers must identify alternative methods of performing each activity first, such as evaluating the costs and benefits of making a project or outsourcing it, or centralizing versus decentralizing operations. In addition, managers must identify different levels for performing each alternative method of the proposed activity. This means establishing a minimum level of spending, often 75 percent of the current operating level, and then developing separate decision packages that include the costs and benefits of additional levels of spending for that particular activity. The different levels allow managers to consider and evaluate a level of spending lower than the current operating level, giving decision-makers the choice of eliminating an activity or the ability to choose from a selection of levels of effort including tradeoffs and shifts in expenditure levels among organizational units. The decision packages must be ranked in order of importance once they have been created. This allows each manager to identify priorities, combine decision packages for old and new projects into one ranking, and allows top management to evaluate and compare the needs of individual units or divisions to make funding allocations. In this respect, zero-based budgeting is quite different than traditional rolling budgets. Rolling budgets often appeal to people who prepare budgets because they make budget development much easier. Managers can add an inflation factor to the previous years budget and then include any adjustments for major changes. Rolling budgets also give management a concrete number to help make comparisons from year to year. However, traditional rolling budgets have a tendency to create conflict; they can create an incentive to spend money carelessly in order to justify the next years budget. They can also create inefficient operations due to the fact that individual departments or units do not have to justify expenditures based on operations, but only on the prior years expenditures. Zero-based budgeting addresses such problems that can occur with traditional rolling budgets. In zero-based budgeting, each dollar spent by management must be justified with a detailed account of what will be purchased, how many labor hours are needed, what problems will be faced, and so forth. This allows management an opportunity to review operations in depth and make recommendations for changes to if necessary. The zero-based budgeting process helps managers identify redundancies and duplications among different departments, concentrating on the dollars needed for proposed programs as opposed to percentage increases or decreases form the previous year. Specific priorities of departments and divisions are identified more easily in zero-based budgeting. The process also allows for the comparability of different departments as to the respective priorities funded. Zero-base budgeting enables a performance audit to determine whether each project or activity has been performed as efficiently as planned. ://www. referenceforbusiness. com/index. html.

Free sample - British Petroleum History. translation missing

British Petroleum History. British Petroleum HistoryBP’s (British Petroleum) origins can be traced back to 1901 when William Know tried to explore oil in Persia. The first commercial oil discovery was made in the Middle East by BP in 1908. In 1935, the company prospered and was renamed the Anglo- Iranian Oil Company. Its exploration operations expanded into North America (mainly Alaska), South America, Africa, and Europe. Â  The oil crisis in the 1970s led to a renewed expansion in oil exploration into the North Sea and Alaska, and the diversification of energy sources into coal, gas, and solar sources. This led to acquisition of Standard Oil in 1987, formation of BP America and the acquisition of Britoil in 1988. In 1998, BP and Amoco merged to create BP Amoco, an international energy and petrochemicals group with global operations. At the time, it was the largest ever industrial merger. In 2000, BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) and Burmah Castrol, and changed its name to BP in 2001. BP acquired Veba Oel’s retail and refining assets in Germany and central Europe in 2001. This made BP the market leader in Germany and Austria and substantially strengthened its position in Poland and several other central European countries. BP also signed a number of agreements covering investments totaling around $1 billion to strengthen its presence in the growing Chinese energy market. The company also transferred the Mardi gas pipeline system in the Gulf of Mexico from exploration and production to refining and marketing, and a small US operation supplying petrochemicals feedstock from gas, power, and renewable (GPR) to olefins and derivatives. Subsequently in 2007, BP and its Libyan partner, the Libya Investment Corporation (LIC), signed a major exploration and production agreement with Libya’s National Oil Company (NOC). BP, on behalf of the Shah Deniz partnership, announced a major new gas-condensate discovery in the Shah Deniz field in the Caspian Sea, in the same year. BP Egypt made a significant gas discovery at record depths in the Nile Delta, in early 2008. Subsequently, BP and its partner, Marathon Petroleum West of Shetlands, announced new oil discovery in Block 204/23, following drilling on the South-West Foinaven prospect. In 2008, BP and ConocoPhillips formed of a joint venture company called Denali – The Alaska Gas Pipeline. Later on, BP and Verenium (a company engaged in producing alternative energy fuels), created a strategic partnership to accelerate the development and commercialization of celluloses ethanol. In June 2009, BP announced the sale of its wholly-owned subsidiary, BP West Java (BPWJ), to Indonesian state-owned oil and gas company PT Pertamina (Persero). In the same month, BP announced the sale of its ground fuels marketing business in Greece to Hellenic Petroleum for E359 million (approximately $500 million). Bp also made a giant oil discovery at its Tiber Prospect in the deepwater US Gulf of Mexico, in September 2009. The well, was drilled to a total depth of approximately 35,055 feet (10,685 Meters) making it one of the deepest wells ever drilled by the oil and gas industry. In August 2010, BP agreed to sell its oil and gas exploration, production, and transportation business in Colombia to a consortium of Ecopetrol, Colombia's national oil company (51%), and Talisman of Canada (49%).

Weekly reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Weekly reflection - Essay Example Therefore, the goals of anyone who is studying business will be to be able to make viable decisions either as an employee, employer, or a manager in a business organization. Studying business enables someone to be of contribution to the economic growth and development of a country. My expectations at the beginning of this unit were that I would be able to understand the most important aspects of business operation and management. However, after going through this subject I am surprised that I was able to know more than I ever expected. Initially I used to imagine that business was all about the process of selling and buying. I never paid much attention to the external factors that might be of effect to the buying and selling processes. I was surprised to come to the realization that there are some underlying factors that influence day-to-day business activities. During the lectures I was able to develop some level of appreciation towards my lecturer and classmates. The lecturer would come and make sure that he explained every detail of the week’s coverage frequently giving us a chance to seek clarification. I would have trouble understanding some of the terms at the beginning, but was able to get conversant with them as time went by. The modules were of high help because they helped me in understanding some of the concepts that I might have not been able to understand in class. The modules sourced from MyBecket also proved to be high importance in understanding the subject. Business can be described as a way of dealing with scarcity. Given the fact that scarcity is a common problem, societies have to find ways through which they can deal with the problem. Business as a process involves inputs being transformed into outputs that are capable of satisfying the wants and needs of consumers. Inputs include things such as land, labour, materials, technology, finance, managerial skills, and many

Chapter review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter review - Essay Example In Chapter 9, Poets and Revolutionaries: Three Women of Calcutta, she reveals the lives and insights of three strong-willed and talented women in the city, Aparna Sen, a film maker, Nabaneeta Dev Sen, a poet and Veena Bhargava, a painter. The chapter discussed their careers and their womanhood. In this chapter, you’ll be able to see their individuality and how they achieved their independence and uniqueness. This chapter provided Bumiller the contrast she needed in showing the different lives of the women in the rural villages and the women in the cities. Her interviews with the three successful women of the city showed that none of them think they faced problems because of their womanhood. This is in contrast to the other women she was able to interview during the previous chapters. It shows here in this chapter that these three women were leading their lives not very different from their Western counterparts. They grew up having dinners with their families. They also have differences with themselves to the point that sometimes they question their own actions, choosing between their family life and their careers. Though they might not have any problems or issues that they encounter that will make them feel oppressed and exploited, far different from the other women of India living outside the cities, they have the common problem of the dilemma of doing one thing over another. This can be seen in the sacrifices that they have to make in order to become successful. The women in this chapter were only a few of those that were able to define their personal and social identities. They were able to master control over their lives, sometimes even the control over the men. Much different from the women of the rurals, where most are slaves to a very oppressing and explo itative society. Here, it showed how they used the many issues of oppression and exploitation of other women of India to push their own

Analyze the Social and Economic Transformations Essay Example for Free

Analyze the Social and Economic Transformations Essay Between 1492 and 1750, the new contacts between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, socially and economically transformed the Atlantic world. New worlds were discovered, the population was escalating due to the slave trade and booming economy, and the industrial production advanced from man-made to machine-made. The new contacts among Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, lead to the economies improving as crops and food spread around. Economically, in the Americas, European colonists advanced from mining for silver, to farming for crops. All of the goods were traded with other countries. The triangular trade connected imports and exports of different goods mainly between North America, Africa, and Europe. The reason the Atlantic changed into a huge trading port was because many countries were overflowing with resources other countries would love to have. The countries would exchange their resources for another country’s. A vast part of the triangular trade was the Atlantic slave trade. As agriculture became more and more important in daily life, labor was becoming vital. Africa exported slaves to the West Indies and to North America. Socially, the Atlantic was renovated in many ways too. The population was expanding due to the agricultural advancement. The social triangle in Africa and the Americas were drastically changing with the adoption of agriculture. In Africa, of course, people were imprisoned everywhere. Africa was predominately all women because a lot of the men died or were shipped off to another country. Women were not treated as if they were any different than men when came to labor. They were forced to do tiring toil also. In the Americas, the European colonists made new social groups as well, and also had slavery; although, most of the slaves were imported from the West Indies. However, the social structure of Europe remained the same. It remained more self-regulated through out this time period. Over this time period, contacts form and connect trade routes that changed the world forever. These contacts offered resources, and transformations in social structure and economical status. Between 1492 and 1750, the new contacts between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, socially and economically transformed the Atlantic world.

The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire Essay -- History, The Zionists, Jew

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, The Arab-Israeli conflict began in earnest. As the years went on and the conflict escalated it gradually shifted from a large scale Arab–Israeli issue to the more personal Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The issue that divided both parties is primarily a territorial concern based on secular belief. Zionists belief that God had made a covenant with the Jewish people to return them to the Land of Canaan or the Biblical Promise land (Christian Zionists share sympathize with the Jews, based on common backgrounds). Yet in the Quran, as espoused by the Prophet Muhammad, the lands of Jerusalem are said to be the holiest of all Arabic lands. Three movements would develop in response to these deep divisions. The Zionism movement, the Arabism movement, and the Palestinian movement. The Zionism movement, as outlined by Theodore Hertzl in his pamphlet The Jewish State, concerns itself with the creation, and later preservation of the Jewis h state. The Arabism movement seeks to shine light on a shared cultural heritage between the Arabic nations and to consolidate each nation into a collective whole. Palestinian nationalism, emerged from Arabism, and concerns itself with recapturing the sovereignty of their historic home that they believe was taken from them by western powers and given to the Jews. All three of these nations owe their creation and continued existence to each other. And while each party has their deep difference they share parraelles and common goals that will be outlined in this paper. The word Zion means harmonized community or utopia, and is a reference to the biblical land of Israel as outlined in the Jewish Torah in the books Exodus and Genesis. The secular belief championed by... ...ents’ remains perpetually intertwined in a game of cause and effect. Zionism sought the solution to years of persecution of the Jews and eventually found that solution in their biblical home of Israel, cast out from this territory the Palestinian’s, who had been brought togetheher by Arabism, assumed the role of those in Diaspora, and sought a return to the homeland they believe is there’s. Although they would never admit it to each other each of these movements has more in common then they think. They rotate around each other like the earth around its axis, perpetually cycling into one another, championing the same complains, the same causes, and same animosities that they’ve had for thousands of years. The Arab-Israel conflict when put on paper is a series of parallel lines with occasional intersection, but never a unified theme and always an incomplete picture.

Psychology Vocabulary

Psychology (Myers, 8E) Chapter 10 Study online at quizlet. com/_h108 1. cognition the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people a mental image or best example of a category a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier — but also more error-prone -use of heuristics a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (pe rhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common the tendency to be more confident than correct — to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments 15. belief bias 2. concept prototype algorithm he tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, a nd sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech developing in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram — â€Å"go car† — using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think 16. 3. belief perseverance language 4. 17. 18. phoneme morpheme 5. heuristic 19. 20. grammar 6. insight 21. semantics 7. confirmation bias fixation 22. syntax 8. 23. 9. mental set babbling stage 10. functional fixedness representativeness heuristic 24. one-word stage two-word stage telegraphic speech linguistic determinism 11. 25. 26. 12. availability heuristic 27. 13. overconfidence 14. framing

Difm or Diy

I would have preferred a third option in the discussion board question, a DIFM and DIY option together and I would have definitely selected this option. I believe Auto-Mart would have benefited the most if it had the enough resources and finances to adopt that third option. The auto repair market has a lot of competition, so Auto-Mart could target both consumers. Having a hassle free auto repair shop and a fully packed parts store will enable Auto-Mart to offer a wide range of customers for repairs and parts.Moreover, customers will have the ability to choose the best parts and have them installed at Auto-Mart; thus Auto-Mart â€Å"will kill two birds in one stone†. But since we are asked to choose only option, I would suggest that Auto-Mart should emphasis its business on the DIFM. According to Ags company, the NPD report concluded that â€Å"68% OF U. S. CONSUMERS PREFER DIFM TO DIY† in the auto service industry (2012). It is mainly because people need to maintain the ir car in its best order to prolong its life span, this makes absolute sense.We use our car daily for the longest possible time, and we have spent a descent amount of cash , so why risk doing a repair service ourselves when we are able to get a trustworthy professional technician to the job. Additionally, most people might not have the free time to do a project themselves, and even if they did it might end up costing them the same if they don’t have right equipment for the job. Therefore Auto-Mart best business emphasis should be a DIFM type of business.A â€Å"do-it-yourself† business will cater for customers who shop for parts and accessories, and tend to install the products themselves. It is basically for the customers who have the time and skills to complete many projects. Some stores like Home Depot have an â€Å"our hands-on workshops† and â€Å"1-2-3 books† to provide the â€Å"do it yourself† customers with the skills and expectations need ed to complete many projects around their homes (Home Depot, 2011).Furthermore, many televisions shows like Martha Stewarts have portrayed the some DIY project as a fun and entertaining; thus this new trend is evolving. The advantages of this type of business I believe will enable the business to do its job without having to pay extra fees. No workers to provide a service, a small shop to display the parts, and having the ability to allocate some of the profits to open several new locations.Usually a business grows when it translates its customers’ needs and add these opportunities to its company, a â€Å"do- it –yourself† business can’t expand its service other than expanding its products and to new locations. It is kind of limited which I believe is a disadvantage. But to the willing customers it will give them the knowledge and education to do things with their hands, and this education goes a long way; in the future that customer will be able to fix a nd repair what is needed in a shorter and cost effective way.As well as the feeling of accomplishment, saving money, and feeling in control. The â€Å"do-it-for-me† business will cater for customers who don’t have the time, energy, skill, or even the temperament to do the job. This business will actually do the job for the customer but for an extra fee, that some customers are willing to pay in return for a job well done, time saved, less frustration, and the guarantee that some businesses tend to give for the service provided.The advantages of the â€Å"do-it-for-me† business will allow the business to attract and maintain a loyal customer base which is vital for any growing business. The business will be able to profit more due to the extra fees for labor , and will probably be able to convince its customers into doing new repairs that will add up to their profit. A â€Å"do-it-for-me† business should gain the trust of its customers, or else they will l ose their customer to a different business or to the DIY method.Thus a huge disadvantage for a new established business that needs to build its reputation, through marketing and advertising. The other disadvantage or challenge a DIFM business will face is the huge costs it will incur; having labor costs that will only increase for a quicker service, costs of equipment to get the job done, a fairly large working space area, and after sales problem to deal with. But once established and running, the DIFM will generate more money than a DIY business for the auto service industry.Therefore, a DIFM business might be the right emphasis to implement. Do it yourself examples: †¢Super markets where you buy your groceries and cook your own meal. †¢Canadian Tire/ Home Depot/ Ikea †¢DIY Drones †¢Zellers †¢Wal-Mart Do it for me examples: is more profitable due to the wide range opportunity of these types of stores or businesses can benefit from a customer. †¢Restaur ants where you order, eat, and enjoy! †¢Canadian Tire / Home Depot/ Ikea( for an extra fee you get the service) †¢Canada Wide Plumbing & Mechanical Services Inc. Paradise Pools Canada †¢Car wash Reference: AGS Company. (2012). 68% of U. S. consumers prefer DIFM to DIY, according to NDP. Retrieved from AGS Company website: http://www. agscompany. com/news/369-68-of-us-consumers-prefer-difm-to-diy-according-to-npd Hal Dean, D. (2010). UNDERSTANDING THE DO-IT-YOURSELF CONSUMER. Journal Of International Business Disciplines, 5(1), 42-54. Miller, R. K. , & Washington, K. D. (2007). CHAPTER 13: DO-IT-YOURSELF PROJECTS. In, Leisure Market Research Handbook (pp. 83-85). Richard K. Miller & Associates. )

Do not blame computer for everything!

Do not blame computer for everything! 1 INTRODUCTIONComputers are one thing a person must rely on from time to time in a society like ours. Even a person, who uses computers only for word process and email, must know the standards of general computing, and along with this point, nowadays, some of the people claim that using computers caused lots of ethical and social problems. However, other people argue that those problems were there before the advent of computers, and will still be with us in the future.In this report, the arguments on whether the ethical problems or social problems arising from using computing technology are the result of computing invention or not will be discussed. Firstly, the definition of computer ethics, computer privacy and copyright will be introduced because the main arguments are focused on these three issues. And then, both sides of arguments will be illustrated and evaluated. Finally, the conclusions on this argument will be explained.Computing.co.ukRecommendations will be drawn on the bas ed of conclusions.2 DEFINITIONS2.1 Computer EthicsComputer ethics is the analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding formulation and justification of policies for the ethical use of such technology. Computer ethics is also a new branch of ethics that is growing and changing rapidly as computer technology also grows and develops. The term "computer ethics" is open to interpretations both broad and narrow. On the one hand, for example, computer ethics might be understood very narrowly as the efforts of professional philosophers to apply traditional ethical theories like utilitarianism, Kantianism, or virtue ethics to issues regarding the use of computer technology. On the other hand, it is possible to construe computer ethics in a very broad way to include, as well, standards of professional practice, codes of conduct, aspects of computer...

The Grassland Biome Habitat

The Grassland Biome Habitat The grassland biome includes terrestrial habitats that are dominated by grasses and have relatively few large trees or shrubs. There are three main types of grasslands- temperate grasslands, tropical grasslands (also known as savannas), and steppe grasslands. Sufficient Rainfall Most grasslands experience a dry season and a rainy season. During the dry season, grasslands can be susceptible to fires which often start as a result of lightning strikes. The annual rainfall in a grassland habitat is greater than the annual rainfall that occurs in desert habitats. Grasslands receive sufficient rainfall to support the growth of grasses and other plants, but not enough to support the growth of significant numbers of trees. The soils of grasslands also limit the vegetation structure that grows in them. In general, grassland soils are too shallow and dry to support tree growth. Variety of Wildlife Grasslands support a variety of wildlife including reptiles, mammals, amphibians, birds and many types of invertebrates. The dry grasslands of Africa are among the most ecologically diverse of all grasslands and support populations of animals such as giraffes, zebras, lions, hyenas, rhinoceroses, and elephants. The grasslands of Australia provide habitat for kangaroos, mice, snakes, and a variety of birds. The grasslands of North America and Europe support wolves, wild turkeys, coyotes, Canada geese, cranes, bison, bobcats, and eagles. Some common plant species that occur in North American grasslands include buffalo grass, asters, coneflowers, clover, goldenrods, and wild indigos. Key Characteristics The following are the key characteristics of the grassland biome: Vegetation structure that is dominated by grassesSemi-arid climateRainfall and soils not sufficient to support significant tree growthMost common at mid-latitudes and near the interiors of continentsGrasslands are often exploited for agricultural use Classification The grassland biome is classified within the following habitat hierarchy: Biomes of the World Grassland Biome The grassland biome is divided into the following habitats: Temperate grasslands - Temperate grasslands are habitats that are dominated by grasses and have lack trees and large shrubs. Temperate grasslands include tall-grass prairies which are wet and humid and short-grass prairies which are dry and experience hot summers and cold winters. The soil of temperate grasslands has an upper layer that is nutrient-rich. Seasonal droughts are often accompanied by fires that prevent trees and shrubs from growing.Tropical grasslands - Tropical grasslands are grasslands that are located near the equator. They have warmer, wetter climates than temperate grasslands and experience more pronounced seasonal droughts. Tropical grasslands are dominated by grasses but also have some scattered trees. The soil of tropical grasslands are very porous and drain rapidly. Tropical grasslands occur in Africa, India, Australia, Nepal, and South America.Steppe grasslands - Steppe grasslands are dry grasslands that border on semi-arid deserts. The grasses found in steppe grasslands is much shorter than that of temperate and tropical grasslands. Steppe grasslands lack trees except along the banks of rivers and streams. Animals of the Grassland Biome Some of the animals that inhabit the grassland biome include: African elephant (Loxodonta africana) - African elephants have a large head, large ears, and a long muscular trunk. The two front incisors of African elephants grow into large tusks that curve forward.Lions (Panthera leo) - Lions are the largest of all African cats. Lions inhabit the savannas of Africa and the Gir Forest in northwest India.Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) - Spotted hyenas inhabit the grasslands, savannas, and semi-deserts of sub-Saharan Africa. Their population densities are highest in the Serengeti, a vast plains ecosystem that stretches from northern Tanzania to southwestern Kenya.American bison (Bison bison) - Millions of bison used to roam North Americas grasslands, boreal regions, and scrublands but the relentless slaughter of bison for meat, hides, and sport drove the species to the brink of extinction.

Islam in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islam in America - Research Paper Example In 2005, nearly 96,000 people from various Islamic countries were accepted as legal permanent United States residents. According to a 2009 Gallup poll, American Muslims are identified to be a significant racially diverse religious group in the United States. This paper will discuss the way Muslims are perceived after the World Trade Center attack of 11 September, and the factors that contribute to the numerous issues with regard to stereotyping Muslim community. It will also put forward some thoughts and strategies to address those issues. II. Causes of Stereotyping Muslims A. Radical Muslims and Extremists While analyzing Islamism in a religious, social, and political context, the acts of some of the Islamic extremists seem to be the major cause of stereotyping Muslims. The PBS television program â€Å"Jihad in America† and the popular movie â€Å"True Lies† depicting the terrorist group â€Å"Crimson Jihad† caused the Muslims to get a negative image in the Amer ican society (â€Å"Struggling against stereotypes†). Recently, the use of the term â€Å"Jihad† is found to be the central issue of Muslims stereotyping. According to the Prophet Muhammad, the extreme form of jihad is one’s personal struggle to make himself a better Muslim. On the contrary, today some Islamic extremists link the term â€Å"Jihad† to â€Å"Holy war†. Evidently, interest groups that intend to preserve their subversive ideas on the strength of religious beliefs negatively affect the Muslim community as a whole. B. 9/11 Attacks According to Ghazali, the September 11 World Trade Center attacks by al-Qaeda, which caused the death of nearly 3000 people turned to be the major cause of Muslims stereotyping in the United States. Although al-Qaeda is not an affiliate of Islam religion, most of the people believe that the whole Muslims had interest behind the attack. The attack raised dreadful socio-economic challenges to the nation, that the government adopted a strict approach toward the Muslim immigration. This shift in governmental stance also placed the Muslim community under suspicion. In addition, the al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden had delivered a set of religious sensitive speeches followed by the attack, which also added to stereotyping Muslims. C. The Media showing Muslims as Terrorists One cannot undermine the role of media in growing Muslim stereotyping since the event of September 11. For instance, newspaper headlines regularly use the words ‘fanatic’, ‘militant’, ‘fundamentalist’, and ‘terrorist’ as next to the terms ‘Islam’ and ‘Muslim’. To illustrate; in 1995, the British newspaper Today (reported by Fatoohi) published heart-touching picture that depicted a fireman carrying burnt remains of a killed infant from the wreckage of a severe explosion. This picture was published along with a sensational headline: â€Å"In the name of Islam†. In addition, events such as Saddam Hussein’s wartime rhetoric and World Trade Center Bombing attained enormous media coverage as evidence of â€Å"Islamic fundamentalism† (â€Å"Struggling against stereotypes†). Media seem to have given intentional coverage to Islamic terrorism while ignoring rebellious activities of other religious groups. And, attacks against Muslim community often go unreported. Edward,