Tale Of Two Cities Characters Essays - English-language Films, Film

Tale Of Two Cities Characters A Tale of Two Cities, have a few similarities and a few differences. One for example is the striking resemblance of the two gentlemen. In Book II chapter 4, Charles is on trial for treason, but is aquitted partly because of his likeness of Sydney. Another similarity is the great admiration of Lucie Manette. Charles, in Book II chapter 10, makes his intentions known by concenting with her father about the subject. Sydney, in Book II chapter 13, on the other hand, tries an approach much ahead of his time, and speaks with her alone, before talking with her father. This display could be labeled as a difference, because of the different procedures used. Another way that Sydney is different from Charles is the intensity with which he tries to win Lucie's heart. Sydney, even after realizing what her intentions are, is still willing to make the ultimate sacrifice for her, his own life. Charles, in this book, expresses himself so emotionally, except in time of personal crisis. As we find out later, Sydney does make the ultimate sacrifice, giving his own life to save what meant the most to Lucie, the life of Charles (Book III chapter 15).

Zero Based Budgets Essay Example

Zero Based Budgets Essay Example Zero Based Budgets Essay Zero Based Budgets Essay Zero-based budgeting starts from a zero base and every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs. Budgets are then built around what is needed for the upcoming period, regardless of whether the budget is higher or lower than the previous one. Because of its detail-oriented nature, zero-based budgeting may be a rolling process done over several years, with only a few functional areas reviewed at a time by managers or group leadership. Zero-based budgeting can lower costs by avoiding blanket increases or decreases to a prior periods budget. It is, however, a time-consuming process that takes much longer than traditional, cost-based budgeting. The practice also favors areas that achieve direct revenues or production; their contributions are more easily justified than in departments such as client service and research and development. The name zero base budgeting derives from the idea that such budgets are developed from a zero base: that is, at the beginning of the budget development process, all budget headings have a value of ZERO. This is in sharp contrast to the incremental budgeting system in which in general a new budget tends to start with a balance at least equal to last years total balance, or an estimate of it. What zero base budgeting tries to achieve is an optimal allocation of resources that incremental and other budgeting systems probably cannot achieve. ZBB starts by asking managers to identify and justify their area(s) of work in terms of decision packages (qv). Zero-based budgeting is an approach to planning and decision-making which reverses the working process of traditional budgeting. In traditional incremental budgeting, departmental managers justify only variances versus past years, based on the assumption that the baseline is automatically approved. By contrast, in zero-based budgeting, every line item of the budget must be approved, rather than only changes. [1] During the review process, no reference is made to the previous level of expenditure. Zero-based budgeting requires the budget request be re-evaluated thoroughly, starting from the zero-base. This process is independent on whether the total budget or specific line items are increasing or decreasing. Advantages 1. Efficient allocation of resources, as it is based on needs and benefits rather than history. 2. Drives managers to find cost effective ways to improve operations. 3. Detects inflated budgets. 4. Increases staff motivation by providing greater initiative and responsibility in decision-making. 5. Increases communication and coordination within the organization. 6. Identifies and eliminates wasteful and obsolete operations. 7. Identifies opportunities for outsourcing. 8. Forces cost centers to identify their mission and their relationship to overall goals. . It helps in identifying areas of wasteful expenditure and, if desired, it can also be used for suggesting alternative courses of action. One drawback to zero-based budgeting is cost in terms of managerial time; it takes a considerable amount of time to go through the process of reviewing operations in enough detail to justify costs each budget cycle without relying on past expenditures. One solution to this problem is to create a rolling budget every year and perform a zero-based budget every three to five years, or when a major change occurs within the operation. This allows an organization to benefit from the advantages of zero-based budgeting without an excessive amount of work. Likewise, traditional rolling budgets should never strictly rely on a prior-year budget plus a percentage; consideration should always be given to past numbers. In some cases, a zero-based budget may rely on some prior numbers where it is overwhelming to create a budget from scratch. Ultimately, the process gives top management the opportunity to judge the performance of managers in terms of allocating resources efficiently and effectively, and gives managers more responsibility in developing their budgets. An organization should not feel that all budgets must be developed in entirely the same manner. Some departments can utilize an in-depth study of a zero-based budget while others can use a rolling budget. This is a way to spread the extensive work over a number of years instead of concentrating on one certain year. Many organizations have implemented the system in some form or another and found that it did not work. If properly implemented, however, the process could have a considerable improvement over traditional rolling budgets. The number and nature of decision packages varies from organization to organization; it is not uncommon for large organizations to identify several thousand packages. Furthermore, it is often hard or even impossible for top executives to have the necessary knowledge or time to develop and rank priorities for thousands of packages. To alleviate this problem, managers, after ranking their own packages, can have their top executives rank the packages of all the managers that report to them. This approach is used by one of zero-based budgetings pioneers, Texas Instruments. Another solution is for each level of management to rank a certain percentage of packages within its own area of responsibility. In this solution, the first level of management may rank 40 percent of the proposed packages; the next level may rank the next 40 percent of packages, while top management may concentrate on the remainder of the budget Read more: Zero-Based Budgeting strategy, organization, levels, system, style, examples, advantages, manager, company referenceforbusiness. com/management/Tr-Z/Zero-Based-Budgeting. html#ixzz1TgZFF400 [edit] Disadvantages . More time-consuming than incremental budgeting. 2. Justifying every line item can be problematic for departments with intangible outputs. 3. Requires specific training, due to increased complexity vs. incremental budgeting. 4. In a large organization, the amount of information backing up the budgeting process may be overwhelming. The zero-based budgeting system puts the burden of proof on the manager, and demands that ea ch manager justify the entire budget in detail and prove why he or she should spend the organizations money in the manner proposed. A decision package must be developed by each manager for every project or activity, which includes an analysis of cost, purpose, alternative courses of action, measures of performance, consequences of not performing the activity, and the benefits. This approach is different than traditional budgeting techniques due to the analysis of alternatives. Managers must identify alternative methods of performing each activity first, such as evaluating the costs and benefits of making a project or outsourcing it, or centralizing versus decentralizing operations. In addition, managers must identify different levels for performing each alternative method of the proposed activity. This means establishing a minimum level of spending, often 75 percent of the current operating level, and then developing separate decision packages that include the costs and benefits of additional levels of spending for that particular activity. The different levels allow managers to consider and evaluate a level of spending lower than the current operating level, giving decision-makers the choice of liminating an activity or the ability to choose from a selection of levels of effort including tradeoffs and shifts in expenditure levels among organizational units. The decision packages must be ranked in order of importance once they have been created. This allows each manager to identify priorities, combine decision packages for old and new projects into one ranking, and allows top management to evaluate and compare the needs of individual units or divisions to make funding allocations. In this respect, zero-based budgeting is quite different than traditional rolling budgets. Rolling budgets often appeal to people who prepare budgets because they make budget development much easier. Managers can add an inflation factor to the previous years budget and then include any adjustments for major changes. Rolling budgets also give management a concrete number to help make comparisons from year to year. However, traditional rolling budgets have a tendency to create conflict; they can create an incentive to spend money carelessly in order to justify the next years budget. They can also create inefficient operations due to the fact that individual departments or units do not have to justify expenditures based on operations, but only on the prior years expenditures. Zero-based budgeting addresses such problems that can occur with traditional rolling budgets. In zero-based budgeting, each dollar spent by management must be justified with a detailed account of what will be purchased, how many labor hours are needed, what problems will be faced, and so forth. This allows management an opportunity to review operations in depth and make recommendations for changes to if necessary. The zero-based budgeting process helps managers identify redundancies and duplications among different departments, concentrating on the dollars needed for proposed programs as opposed to percentage increases or decreases form the previous year. Specific priorities of departments and divisions are identified more easily in zero-based budgeting. The process also allows for the comparability of different departments as to the respective priorities funded. Zero-base budgeting enables a performance audit to determine whether each project or activity has been performed as efficiently as planned. Zero-based budgeting may require an extensive amount of time, money, and paper work; but it does provide a systematic method of addressing an organizations financial concerns, in turn enabling an organization to better allocate its resources. A combination of zero-based budgets with rolling budgets or some other form of budgeting that spreads the work of justifying new budgets each cycle is one way to incorporate zero-based budgeting without undo stress at the same time for all managers with budgetary responsibility. www. eferenceforbusiness. com/ /Zero-Based-Budgeting. html http The zero-based budgeting system puts the burden of proof on the manager, and demands that each manager justify the entire budget in detail and prove why he or she should spend the organizations money in the manner proposed. A decision package must be developed by each manager for every project or activity, which includes an analysis of cost, purpose, alternative courses of action, measures of performance, co nsequences of not performing the activity, and the benefits. This approach is different than traditional budgeting techniques due to the analysis of alternatives. Managers must identify alternative methods of performing each activity first, such as evaluating the costs and benefits of making a project or outsourcing it, or centralizing versus decentralizing operations. In addition, managers must identify different levels for performing each alternative method of the proposed activity. This means establishing a minimum level of spending, often 75 percent of the current operating level, and then developing separate decision packages that include the costs and benefits of additional levels of spending for that particular activity. The different levels allow managers to consider and evaluate a level of spending lower than the current operating level, giving decision-makers the choice of eliminating an activity or the ability to choose from a selection of levels of effort including tradeoffs and shifts in expenditure levels among organizational units. The decision packages must be ranked in order of importance once they have been created. This allows each manager to identify priorities, combine decision packages for old and new projects into one ranking, and allows top management to evaluate and compare the needs of individual units or divisions to make funding allocations. In this respect, zero-based budgeting is quite different than traditional rolling budgets. Rolling budgets often appeal to people who prepare budgets because they make budget development much easier. Managers can add an inflation factor to the previous years budget and then include any adjustments for major changes. Rolling budgets also give management a concrete number to help make comparisons from year to year. However, traditional rolling budgets have a tendency to create conflict; they can create an incentive to spend money carelessly in order to justify the next years budget. They can also create inefficient operations due to the fact that individual departments or units do not have to justify expenditures based on operations, but only on the prior years expenditures. Zero-based budgeting addresses such problems that can occur with traditional rolling budgets. In zero-based budgeting, each dollar spent by management must be justified with a detailed account of what will be purchased, how many labor hours are needed, what problems will be faced, and so forth. This allows management an opportunity to review operations in depth and make recommendations for changes to if necessary. The zero-based budgeting process helps managers identify redundancies and duplications among different departments, concentrating on the dollars needed for proposed programs as opposed to percentage increases or decreases form the previous year. Specific priorities of departments and divisions are identified more easily in zero-based budgeting. The process also allows for the comparability of different departments as to the respective priorities funded. Zero-base budgeting enables a performance audit to determine whether each project or activity has been performed as efficiently as planned. ://www. referenceforbusiness. com/index. html.

Free sample - British Petroleum History. translation missing

British Petroleum History. British Petroleum HistoryBP’s (British Petroleum) origins can be traced back to 1901 when William Know tried to explore oil in Persia. The first commercial oil discovery was made in the Middle East by BP in 1908. In 1935, the company prospered and was renamed the Anglo- Iranian Oil Company. Its exploration operations expanded into North America (mainly Alaska), South America, Africa, and Europe. Â  The oil crisis in the 1970s led to a renewed expansion in oil exploration into the North Sea and Alaska, and the diversification of energy sources into coal, gas, and solar sources. This led to acquisition of Standard Oil in 1987, formation of BP America and the acquisition of Britoil in 1988. In 1998, BP and Amoco merged to create BP Amoco, an international energy and petrochemicals group with global operations. At the time, it was the largest ever industrial merger. In 2000, BP Amoco acquired Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) and Burmah Castrol, and changed its name to BP in 2001. BP acquired Veba Oel’s retail and refining assets in Germany and central Europe in 2001. This made BP the market leader in Germany and Austria and substantially strengthened its position in Poland and several other central European countries. BP also signed a number of agreements covering investments totaling around $1 billion to strengthen its presence in the growing Chinese energy market. The company also transferred the Mardi gas pipeline system in the Gulf of Mexico from exploration and production to refining and marketing, and a small US operation supplying petrochemicals feedstock from gas, power, and renewable (GPR) to olefins and derivatives. Subsequently in 2007, BP and its Libyan partner, the Libya Investment Corporation (LIC), signed a major exploration and production agreement with Libya’s National Oil Company (NOC). BP, on behalf of the Shah Deniz partnership, announced a major new gas-condensate discovery in the Shah Deniz field in the Caspian Sea, in the same year. BP Egypt made a significant gas discovery at record depths in the Nile Delta, in early 2008. Subsequently, BP and its partner, Marathon Petroleum West of Shetlands, announced new oil discovery in Block 204/23, following drilling on the South-West Foinaven prospect. In 2008, BP and ConocoPhillips formed of a joint venture company called Denali – The Alaska Gas Pipeline. Later on, BP and Verenium (a company engaged in producing alternative energy fuels), created a strategic partnership to accelerate the development and commercialization of celluloses ethanol. In June 2009, BP announced the sale of its wholly-owned subsidiary, BP West Java (BPWJ), to Indonesian state-owned oil and gas company PT Pertamina (Persero). In the same month, BP announced the sale of its ground fuels marketing business in Greece to Hellenic Petroleum for E359 million (approximately $500 million). Bp also made a giant oil discovery at its Tiber Prospect in the deepwater US Gulf of Mexico, in September 2009. The well, was drilled to a total depth of approximately 35,055 feet (10,685 Meters) making it one of the deepest wells ever drilled by the oil and gas industry. In August 2010, BP agreed to sell its oil and gas exploration, production, and transportation business in Colombia to a consortium of Ecopetrol, Colombia's national oil company (51%), and Talisman of Canada (49%).

Weekly reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Weekly reflection - Essay Example Therefore, the goals of anyone who is studying business will be to be able to make viable decisions either as an employee, employer, or a manager in a business organization. Studying business enables someone to be of contribution to the economic growth and development of a country. My expectations at the beginning of this unit were that I would be able to understand the most important aspects of business operation and management. However, after going through this subject I am surprised that I was able to know more than I ever expected. Initially I used to imagine that business was all about the process of selling and buying. I never paid much attention to the external factors that might be of effect to the buying and selling processes. I was surprised to come to the realization that there are some underlying factors that influence day-to-day business activities. During the lectures I was able to develop some level of appreciation towards my lecturer and classmates. The lecturer would come and make sure that he explained every detail of the week’s coverage frequently giving us a chance to seek clarification. I would have trouble understanding some of the terms at the beginning, but was able to get conversant with them as time went by. The modules were of high help because they helped me in understanding some of the concepts that I might have not been able to understand in class. The modules sourced from MyBecket also proved to be high importance in understanding the subject. Business can be described as a way of dealing with scarcity. Given the fact that scarcity is a common problem, societies have to find ways through which they can deal with the problem. Business as a process involves inputs being transformed into outputs that are capable of satisfying the wants and needs of consumers. Inputs include things such as land, labour, materials, technology, finance, managerial skills, and many

Chapter review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter review - Essay Example In Chapter 9, Poets and Revolutionaries: Three Women of Calcutta, she reveals the lives and insights of three strong-willed and talented women in the city, Aparna Sen, a film maker, Nabaneeta Dev Sen, a poet and Veena Bhargava, a painter. The chapter discussed their careers and their womanhood. In this chapter, you’ll be able to see their individuality and how they achieved their independence and uniqueness. This chapter provided Bumiller the contrast she needed in showing the different lives of the women in the rural villages and the women in the cities. Her interviews with the three successful women of the city showed that none of them think they faced problems because of their womanhood. This is in contrast to the other women she was able to interview during the previous chapters. It shows here in this chapter that these three women were leading their lives not very different from their Western counterparts. They grew up having dinners with their families. They also have differences with themselves to the point that sometimes they question their own actions, choosing between their family life and their careers. Though they might not have any problems or issues that they encounter that will make them feel oppressed and exploited, far different from the other women of India living outside the cities, they have the common problem of the dilemma of doing one thing over another. This can be seen in the sacrifices that they have to make in order to become successful. The women in this chapter were only a few of those that were able to define their personal and social identities. They were able to master control over their lives, sometimes even the control over the men. Much different from the women of the rurals, where most are slaves to a very oppressing and explo itative society. Here, it showed how they used the many issues of oppression and exploitation of other women of India to push their own

Analyze the Social and Economic Transformations Essay Example for Free

Analyze the Social and Economic Transformations Essay Between 1492 and 1750, the new contacts between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, socially and economically transformed the Atlantic world. New worlds were discovered, the population was escalating due to the slave trade and booming economy, and the industrial production advanced from man-made to machine-made. The new contacts among Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, lead to the economies improving as crops and food spread around. Economically, in the Americas, European colonists advanced from mining for silver, to farming for crops. All of the goods were traded with other countries. The triangular trade connected imports and exports of different goods mainly between North America, Africa, and Europe. The reason the Atlantic changed into a huge trading port was because many countries were overflowing with resources other countries would love to have. The countries would exchange their resources for another country’s. A vast part of the triangular trade was the Atlantic slave trade. As agriculture became more and more important in daily life, labor was becoming vital. Africa exported slaves to the West Indies and to North America. Socially, the Atlantic was renovated in many ways too. The population was expanding due to the agricultural advancement. The social triangle in Africa and the Americas were drastically changing with the adoption of agriculture. In Africa, of course, people were imprisoned everywhere. Africa was predominately all women because a lot of the men died or were shipped off to another country. Women were not treated as if they were any different than men when came to labor. They were forced to do tiring toil also. In the Americas, the European colonists made new social groups as well, and also had slavery; although, most of the slaves were imported from the West Indies. However, the social structure of Europe remained the same. It remained more self-regulated through out this time period. Over this time period, contacts form and connect trade routes that changed the world forever. These contacts offered resources, and transformations in social structure and economical status. Between 1492 and 1750, the new contacts between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, socially and economically transformed the Atlantic world.

The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire Essay -- History, The Zionists, Jew

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, The Arab-Israeli conflict began in earnest. As the years went on and the conflict escalated it gradually shifted from a large scale Arab–Israeli issue to the more personal Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The issue that divided both parties is primarily a territorial concern based on secular belief. Zionists belief that God had made a covenant with the Jewish people to return them to the Land of Canaan or the Biblical Promise land (Christian Zionists share sympathize with the Jews, based on common backgrounds). Yet in the Quran, as espoused by the Prophet Muhammad, the lands of Jerusalem are said to be the holiest of all Arabic lands. Three movements would develop in response to these deep divisions. The Zionism movement, the Arabism movement, and the Palestinian movement. The Zionism movement, as outlined by Theodore Hertzl in his pamphlet The Jewish State, concerns itself with the creation, and later preservation of the Jewis h state. The Arabism movement seeks to shine light on a shared cultural heritage between the Arabic nations and to consolidate each nation into a collective whole. Palestinian nationalism, emerged from Arabism, and concerns itself with recapturing the sovereignty of their historic home that they believe was taken from them by western powers and given to the Jews. All three of these nations owe their creation and continued existence to each other. And while each party has their deep difference they share parraelles and common goals that will be outlined in this paper. The word Zion means harmonized community or utopia, and is a reference to the biblical land of Israel as outlined in the Jewish Torah in the books Exodus and Genesis. The secular belief championed by... ...ents’ remains perpetually intertwined in a game of cause and effect. Zionism sought the solution to years of persecution of the Jews and eventually found that solution in their biblical home of Israel, cast out from this territory the Palestinian’s, who had been brought togetheher by Arabism, assumed the role of those in Diaspora, and sought a return to the homeland they believe is there’s. Although they would never admit it to each other each of these movements has more in common then they think. They rotate around each other like the earth around its axis, perpetually cycling into one another, championing the same complains, the same causes, and same animosities that they’ve had for thousands of years. The Arab-Israel conflict when put on paper is a series of parallel lines with occasional intersection, but never a unified theme and always an incomplete picture.

Psychology Vocabulary

Psychology (Myers, 8E) Chapter 10 Study online at quizlet. com/_h108 1. cognition the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people a mental image or best example of a category a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier — but also more error-prone -use of heuristics a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (pe rhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common the tendency to be more confident than correct — to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments 15. belief bias 2. concept prototype algorithm he tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, a nd sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech developing in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram — â€Å"go car† — using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think 16. 3. belief perseverance language 4. 17. 18. phoneme morpheme 5. heuristic 19. 20. grammar 6. insight 21. semantics 7. confirmation bias fixation 22. syntax 8. 23. 9. mental set babbling stage 10. functional fixedness representativeness heuristic 24. one-word stage two-word stage telegraphic speech linguistic determinism 11. 25. 26. 12. availability heuristic 27. 13. overconfidence 14. framing

Difm or Diy

I would have preferred a third option in the discussion board question, a DIFM and DIY option together and I would have definitely selected this option. I believe Auto-Mart would have benefited the most if it had the enough resources and finances to adopt that third option. The auto repair market has a lot of competition, so Auto-Mart could target both consumers. Having a hassle free auto repair shop and a fully packed parts store will enable Auto-Mart to offer a wide range of customers for repairs and parts.Moreover, customers will have the ability to choose the best parts and have them installed at Auto-Mart; thus Auto-Mart â€Å"will kill two birds in one stone†. But since we are asked to choose only option, I would suggest that Auto-Mart should emphasis its business on the DIFM. According to Ags company, the NPD report concluded that â€Å"68% OF U. S. CONSUMERS PREFER DIFM TO DIY† in the auto service industry (2012). It is mainly because people need to maintain the ir car in its best order to prolong its life span, this makes absolute sense.We use our car daily for the longest possible time, and we have spent a descent amount of cash , so why risk doing a repair service ourselves when we are able to get a trustworthy professional technician to the job. Additionally, most people might not have the free time to do a project themselves, and even if they did it might end up costing them the same if they don’t have right equipment for the job. Therefore Auto-Mart best business emphasis should be a DIFM type of business.A â€Å"do-it-yourself† business will cater for customers who shop for parts and accessories, and tend to install the products themselves. It is basically for the customers who have the time and skills to complete many projects. Some stores like Home Depot have an â€Å"our hands-on workshops† and â€Å"1-2-3 books† to provide the â€Å"do it yourself† customers with the skills and expectations need ed to complete many projects around their homes (Home Depot, 2011).Furthermore, many televisions shows like Martha Stewarts have portrayed the some DIY project as a fun and entertaining; thus this new trend is evolving. The advantages of this type of business I believe will enable the business to do its job without having to pay extra fees. No workers to provide a service, a small shop to display the parts, and having the ability to allocate some of the profits to open several new locations.Usually a business grows when it translates its customers’ needs and add these opportunities to its company, a â€Å"do- it –yourself† business can’t expand its service other than expanding its products and to new locations. It is kind of limited which I believe is a disadvantage. But to the willing customers it will give them the knowledge and education to do things with their hands, and this education goes a long way; in the future that customer will be able to fix a nd repair what is needed in a shorter and cost effective way.As well as the feeling of accomplishment, saving money, and feeling in control. The â€Å"do-it-for-me† business will cater for customers who don’t have the time, energy, skill, or even the temperament to do the job. This business will actually do the job for the customer but for an extra fee, that some customers are willing to pay in return for a job well done, time saved, less frustration, and the guarantee that some businesses tend to give for the service provided.The advantages of the â€Å"do-it-for-me† business will allow the business to attract and maintain a loyal customer base which is vital for any growing business. The business will be able to profit more due to the extra fees for labor , and will probably be able to convince its customers into doing new repairs that will add up to their profit. A â€Å"do-it-for-me† business should gain the trust of its customers, or else they will l ose their customer to a different business or to the DIY method.Thus a huge disadvantage for a new established business that needs to build its reputation, through marketing and advertising. The other disadvantage or challenge a DIFM business will face is the huge costs it will incur; having labor costs that will only increase for a quicker service, costs of equipment to get the job done, a fairly large working space area, and after sales problem to deal with. But once established and running, the DIFM will generate more money than a DIY business for the auto service industry.Therefore, a DIFM business might be the right emphasis to implement. Do it yourself examples: †¢Super markets where you buy your groceries and cook your own meal. †¢Canadian Tire/ Home Depot/ Ikea †¢DIY Drones †¢Zellers †¢Wal-Mart Do it for me examples: is more profitable due to the wide range opportunity of these types of stores or businesses can benefit from a customer. †¢Restaur ants where you order, eat, and enjoy! †¢Canadian Tire / Home Depot/ Ikea( for an extra fee you get the service) †¢Canada Wide Plumbing & Mechanical Services Inc. Paradise Pools Canada †¢Car wash Reference: AGS Company. (2012). 68% of U. S. consumers prefer DIFM to DIY, according to NDP. Retrieved from AGS Company website: http://www. agscompany. com/news/369-68-of-us-consumers-prefer-difm-to-diy-according-to-npd Hal Dean, D. (2010). UNDERSTANDING THE DO-IT-YOURSELF CONSUMER. Journal Of International Business Disciplines, 5(1), 42-54. Miller, R. K. , & Washington, K. D. (2007). CHAPTER 13: DO-IT-YOURSELF PROJECTS. In, Leisure Market Research Handbook (pp. 83-85). Richard K. Miller & Associates. )

Do not blame computer for everything!

Do not blame computer for everything! 1 INTRODUCTIONComputers are one thing a person must rely on from time to time in a society like ours. Even a person, who uses computers only for word process and email, must know the standards of general computing, and along with this point, nowadays, some of the people claim that using computers caused lots of ethical and social problems. However, other people argue that those problems were there before the advent of computers, and will still be with us in the future.In this report, the arguments on whether the ethical problems or social problems arising from using computing technology are the result of computing invention or not will be discussed. Firstly, the definition of computer ethics, computer privacy and copyright will be introduced because the main arguments are focused on these three issues. And then, both sides of arguments will be illustrated and evaluated. Finally, the conclusions on this argument will be explained.Computing.co.ukRecommendations will be drawn on the bas ed of conclusions.2 DEFINITIONS2.1 Computer EthicsComputer ethics is the analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding formulation and justification of policies for the ethical use of such technology. Computer ethics is also a new branch of ethics that is growing and changing rapidly as computer technology also grows and develops. The term "computer ethics" is open to interpretations both broad and narrow. On the one hand, for example, computer ethics might be understood very narrowly as the efforts of professional philosophers to apply traditional ethical theories like utilitarianism, Kantianism, or virtue ethics to issues regarding the use of computer technology. On the other hand, it is possible to construe computer ethics in a very broad way to include, as well, standards of professional practice, codes of conduct, aspects of computer...

The Grassland Biome Habitat

The Grassland Biome Habitat The grassland biome includes terrestrial habitats that are dominated by grasses and have relatively few large trees or shrubs. There are three main types of grasslands- temperate grasslands, tropical grasslands (also known as savannas), and steppe grasslands. Sufficient Rainfall Most grasslands experience a dry season and a rainy season. During the dry season, grasslands can be susceptible to fires which often start as a result of lightning strikes. The annual rainfall in a grassland habitat is greater than the annual rainfall that occurs in desert habitats. Grasslands receive sufficient rainfall to support the growth of grasses and other plants, but not enough to support the growth of significant numbers of trees. The soils of grasslands also limit the vegetation structure that grows in them. In general, grassland soils are too shallow and dry to support tree growth. Variety of Wildlife Grasslands support a variety of wildlife including reptiles, mammals, amphibians, birds and many types of invertebrates. The dry grasslands of Africa are among the most ecologically diverse of all grasslands and support populations of animals such as giraffes, zebras, lions, hyenas, rhinoceroses, and elephants. The grasslands of Australia provide habitat for kangaroos, mice, snakes, and a variety of birds. The grasslands of North America and Europe support wolves, wild turkeys, coyotes, Canada geese, cranes, bison, bobcats, and eagles. Some common plant species that occur in North American grasslands include buffalo grass, asters, coneflowers, clover, goldenrods, and wild indigos. Key Characteristics The following are the key characteristics of the grassland biome: Vegetation structure that is dominated by grassesSemi-arid climateRainfall and soils not sufficient to support significant tree growthMost common at mid-latitudes and near the interiors of continentsGrasslands are often exploited for agricultural use Classification The grassland biome is classified within the following habitat hierarchy: Biomes of the World Grassland Biome The grassland biome is divided into the following habitats: Temperate grasslands - Temperate grasslands are habitats that are dominated by grasses and have lack trees and large shrubs. Temperate grasslands include tall-grass prairies which are wet and humid and short-grass prairies which are dry and experience hot summers and cold winters. The soil of temperate grasslands has an upper layer that is nutrient-rich. Seasonal droughts are often accompanied by fires that prevent trees and shrubs from growing.Tropical grasslands - Tropical grasslands are grasslands that are located near the equator. They have warmer, wetter climates than temperate grasslands and experience more pronounced seasonal droughts. Tropical grasslands are dominated by grasses but also have some scattered trees. The soil of tropical grasslands are very porous and drain rapidly. Tropical grasslands occur in Africa, India, Australia, Nepal, and South America.Steppe grasslands - Steppe grasslands are dry grasslands that border on semi-arid deserts. The grasses found in steppe grasslands is much shorter than that of temperate and tropical grasslands. Steppe grasslands lack trees except along the banks of rivers and streams. Animals of the Grassland Biome Some of the animals that inhabit the grassland biome include: African elephant (Loxodonta africana) - African elephants have a large head, large ears, and a long muscular trunk. The two front incisors of African elephants grow into large tusks that curve forward.Lions (Panthera leo) - Lions are the largest of all African cats. Lions inhabit the savannas of Africa and the Gir Forest in northwest India.Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) - Spotted hyenas inhabit the grasslands, savannas, and semi-deserts of sub-Saharan Africa. Their population densities are highest in the Serengeti, a vast plains ecosystem that stretches from northern Tanzania to southwestern Kenya.American bison (Bison bison) - Millions of bison used to roam North Americas grasslands, boreal regions, and scrublands but the relentless slaughter of bison for meat, hides, and sport drove the species to the brink of extinction.

Islam in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islam in America - Research Paper Example In 2005, nearly 96,000 people from various Islamic countries were accepted as legal permanent United States residents. According to a 2009 Gallup poll, American Muslims are identified to be a significant racially diverse religious group in the United States. This paper will discuss the way Muslims are perceived after the World Trade Center attack of 11 September, and the factors that contribute to the numerous issues with regard to stereotyping Muslim community. It will also put forward some thoughts and strategies to address those issues. II. Causes of Stereotyping Muslims A. Radical Muslims and Extremists While analyzing Islamism in a religious, social, and political context, the acts of some of the Islamic extremists seem to be the major cause of stereotyping Muslims. The PBS television program â€Å"Jihad in America† and the popular movie â€Å"True Lies† depicting the terrorist group â€Å"Crimson Jihad† caused the Muslims to get a negative image in the Amer ican society (â€Å"Struggling against stereotypes†). Recently, the use of the term â€Å"Jihad† is found to be the central issue of Muslims stereotyping. According to the Prophet Muhammad, the extreme form of jihad is one’s personal struggle to make himself a better Muslim. On the contrary, today some Islamic extremists link the term â€Å"Jihad† to â€Å"Holy war†. Evidently, interest groups that intend to preserve their subversive ideas on the strength of religious beliefs negatively affect the Muslim community as a whole. B. 9/11 Attacks According to Ghazali, the September 11 World Trade Center attacks by al-Qaeda, which caused the death of nearly 3000 people turned to be the major cause of Muslims stereotyping in the United States. Although al-Qaeda is not an affiliate of Islam religion, most of the people believe that the whole Muslims had interest behind the attack. The attack raised dreadful socio-economic challenges to the nation, that the government adopted a strict approach toward the Muslim immigration. This shift in governmental stance also placed the Muslim community under suspicion. In addition, the al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden had delivered a set of religious sensitive speeches followed by the attack, which also added to stereotyping Muslims. C. The Media showing Muslims as Terrorists One cannot undermine the role of media in growing Muslim stereotyping since the event of September 11. For instance, newspaper headlines regularly use the words ‘fanatic’, ‘militant’, ‘fundamentalist’, and ‘terrorist’ as next to the terms ‘Islam’ and ‘Muslim’. To illustrate; in 1995, the British newspaper Today (reported by Fatoohi) published heart-touching picture that depicted a fireman carrying burnt remains of a killed infant from the wreckage of a severe explosion. This picture was published along with a sensational headline: â€Å"In the name of Islam†. In addition, events such as Saddam Hussein’s wartime rhetoric and World Trade Center Bombing attained enormous media coverage as evidence of â€Å"Islamic fundamentalism† (â€Å"Struggling against stereotypes†). Media seem to have given intentional coverage to Islamic terrorism while ignoring rebellious activities of other religious groups. And, attacks against Muslim community often go unreported. Edward,